|
Oman is an absolute monarchy in which all legislative, executive, and judiciary power ultimately rests in the hands of the hereditary sultan, and in which the system of laws is based firmly on Islamic sharia. Although a report by the U.S. State Department, based on conditions in 2010, summed up the human rights situation in the country by asserting that the government “generally respected the human rights of its citizens,”〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/nea/154470.htm )〕 the details in the report itself strongly indicate otherwise, and several international human-rights groups have described the state of human-rights in Oman in highly critical terms. For example, Freedom House has routinely rated the country “Not Free”〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.freedomhouse.org/country/oman )〕 and an official of Human Rights Watch, in a December 2012 overview of Oman and “five other smaller Gulf states,” stated: “Human rights conditions...are quite poor overall....There is little respect for core civil and political rights such as freedom of expression, assembly and association. Peaceful dissent typically faces harsh repression. The administration of justice is highly personalised, with limited due process protections, especially in political and security-related cases.” A 2012 report by Bertelsmann Stiftung declared that while “Oman’s legal code theoretically protects civil liberties and personal freedoms, both are regularly ignored by the regime. Oman, therefore, cannot be considered free.”〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.bti-project.de/fileadmin/Inhalte/reports/2012/pdf/BTI%202012%20Oman.pdf )〕 On the other hand, Middle East Concern, in a 2011 report, claimed that Oman's recent human-rights record had been generally good, citing adherence to proper arrest and judicial procedures and acceptable prison conditions, even as it acknowledged the limits on freedom of expression and assembly, academic freedom, and other restrictions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://meconcern.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=243:oman-general-human-rights-situation&catid=22:oman&Itemid=9 )〕 In reaction to growing public demonstrations by protesters demanding greater freedom and human rights, Oman's already severe constraints on freedom of speech, assembly, and association have been tightened even further since early 2011. ==Democratic Rights== The Omani government is a monarchy. The Sultan, Qaboos bin Said al Said is the self-appointed leader of the country since 1970 and serves as the country's chief of state and head of government. The monarchy is hereditary and the monarch's cabinet is appointed by himself.〔https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/mu.html〕 Citizens of Oman can vote for members of the Parliament. The members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms. The Consultative Assembly of Oman enjoys legislative and audit powers.〔http://main.omanobserver.om/node/70905〕 The country has universal suffrage for people 21 years of age and older, however members of the military and security forces are not allowed to vote.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Human rights in Oman」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|